Bearing Witness
The Covid-19 & Inequality History Documentation Project

Bibliography


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  133. Eschner, Kat. “COVID-19 Is Exposing the Food Deserts around Native American Reservations.” Popular Science, https://www.popsci.com/, July 2020.

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  138. Fang, Marina. “House Passes Legislation Condemning Wave Of Anti-Asian Racism.” The Huffington Post, AOL Inc., September 2020.

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  142. Feldman, Nina. “Black Doctors Work to Make Coronavirus Testing More Equitable.” Kaiser Health News, October 2020.

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  145. Firth, Shannon. “Racism Drives Inequities in COVID-19, House Panel Told.” MedPage Today, https://www.medpagetoday.com/, June 2020.

  146. Flagg, Anna. “Jails Are Coronavirus Hotbeds. How Many People Should Be Released To Slow The Spread?” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, June 2020.

  147. Flagg, Anna, and Joseph Neff. “Why Jails Are So Important in the Fight Against Coronavirus.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, March 2020.

  148. Flagg, Anna, et al. “COVID-19’s Toll on People of Color Is Worse Than We Knew.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org, August 2020.

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  151. Flynn, Meagan. “‘He Gave His Life for That Hospital’: A Doctor Put off Retirement to Fight Covid-19, Only to Die of the Virus.” Washington Post, May 2020.

  152. Ford, Steve. “BAME Staff Found to Be Scared to Speak out against Inequality.” Nursing Times, Emap Limited, June 2020.

  153. Foundation, Feminist Majority. Historic Coalition of Women’s and Civil Rights Groups File Amicus Brief to Stop Alabama COVID-19 Order to Severely Restrict and Criminalize Abortion – Feminist Majority Foundation. April 2020.

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  156. Fritz, Anita. “Senators, Public Health Officials Discuss Disparities, Inequities.” Greenfield Recorder, https://www.recorder.com/, June 2020.

  157. Frosch, Dan. “Covid-19 Testing Is Hampered by Shortages of Critical Ingredient.” Wall Street Journal, September 2020.

  158. Fuller, Thomas. “Coronavirus Limits California’s Efforts to Fight Fires With Prison Labor.” The New York Times, August 2020.

  159. Furlow, Bryant. “Albuquerque Hospital’s Secret Policy Separated Native American Newborns From Their Mothers.” New Mexico In Depth, June 2020.

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  170. Gibbs, Audrey. “COVID-19 Leaves Black Domestic Workers Strained, Unseen and Vulnerable.” Ms Magazine, July 2020.

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  182. Goodman, Amy. “Deaths of Inequality: AOC on Black and Latinx Communities at Epicenter of Epicenter of the Pandemic.” Democracy Now!, https://www.democracynow.org, April 2020.

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  184. Graham, Judith. “Lifetime Experiences Help Older Adults Build Resilience to Pandemic Trauma.” Kaiser Health News, October 2020.

  185. Graham, Megan. “World Health Organization Reports New Coronavirus Cases Reach All-Time High.” CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/, July 2020.

  186. Gravlee, Clarence. “Racism, Not Genetics, Explains Why Black Americans Are Dying Of COVID-19.” Scientific American, June 2020.

  187. Gray, Amber. “Can College Programs in Prison Survive COVID-19?” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, May 2020.

  188. Gray, Madison J. “NYC Black And Latino Communities Showing Higher Death Rates Than Affluent Neighborhoods.” BET, https://www.bet.com/, May 2020.

  189. Green, Jeff, and Jackie Gu. “The Covid Death Rate in Majority-Black Counties Is Getting Worse.” Bloomberg.com, July 2020.

  190. Greenhouse, Steven. “The Coronavirus Pandemic Has Intensified Systemic Economic Racism Against Black Americans.” The New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-pandemic-has-intensified-systemic-economic-racism-against-black-americans, July 2020.

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  192. Grey, Heather. “More Evidence That Black Americans Face High Risks from COVID-19.” Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/, August 2020.

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  194. Guida, Victoria. “Fed Study: Covid-19 Overwhelmingly Strikes Counties with Most Black Businesses.” POLITICO, https://www.politico.com/, August 2020.

  195. Guo, Eileen. “As Covid-19 Cases in Prisons Climb, Data on Race Remain Largely Obscured.” STAT, August 2020.

  196. Hager, Eli. “Solitary, Brawls, No Teachers: Coronavirus Makes Juvenile Jails Look Like Adult Prisons.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, May 2020.

  197. ---. “‘I Want to See My Child.’ Juvenile Lockups Cut Visits Over COVID-19 Fears.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org, March 2020.

  198. ---. “What We Actually Know About Child Abuse During the Pandemic.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, June 2020.

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  200. ---. “A Year After Prison, He Has a Job, a Fiancée—And a Week Left of Freedom.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, July 2020.

  201. ---. “‘Juvenile Lifers’ Were Meant to Get a Second Chance. COVID-19 Could Get Them First.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, June 2020.

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  203. Hager, Eli, and via Getty Images. “Trump Administration Tells Some Business Owners ‘Do Not Apply’ for Coronavirus Loans.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, April 2020.

  204. ---. “Your Zoom Interrogation Is About To Start.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, July 2020.

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  211. Hart, Ariel. “COVID-19 Swamps Another Rural Georgia County.” Atlanta Journal Constitution, May 2020.

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  216. Hayden, Nicole. “Project Roomkey Funding Ends Soon. Over 11,000 Californians Could Become Homeless, Again.” Recordnet.com, https://www.recordnet.com/, October 2020.

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  230. Hughes, Trevor. “Segregated Parks Linked to Higher COVID-19 Deaths for Black and Latino Americans.” USA TODAY, https://www.usatoday.com/, August 2020.

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  236. Johnson, Kaley. “Women Say They Face COVID, Lack of Food, Abuse at ‘House of Horror’ Fort Worth Prison.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, https://www.star-telegram.com/, August 2020.

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  243. Kaplan, Fred. “It Doesn’t Look Like the Protests Are Causing a COVID-19 Spike.” Slate Magazine, https://slate.com, June 2020.

  244. Kaplan, Karen. “CDC Data Reveal Another Racial Disparity for COVID-19 Victims — Age at Death.” Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com/, July 2020.

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  246. Kassie, Emily, and Barbara Marcolini. “How ICE Exported the Coronavirus.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, July 2020.

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  249. Kavi, Aishvarya. “Journalist Bob Woodward Releases New Book, Rage, Detailing the Moments President Donald Trump Received News about COVID-19 in January, and His Consequent Downplaying of the Virus to the American Public from February Onward.” The New York Times, September 2020.

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  251. Kendi, Ibram X. “Stop Blaming Black People for Dying of the Coronavirus.” The Atlantic, April 2020.

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  257. Klasing, Amanda. “US Structural Racism Shapes Access to Water During Covid-19.” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/, July 2020.

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  263. ---. “Expert: Food Deserts in Black Communities Partly Explain Coronavirus Vulnerability.” Daily Herald, https://www.dailyherald.com/news/20200411/expert-food-deserts-in-black-communities-partly-explain-coronavirus-vulnerability, April 2020.

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  265. Kuhr, Elizabeth. “Gay Men Restricted from Donating Plasma to U.K. Coronavirus Trials.” NBC News, https://www.nbcnews.com/, May 2020.

  266. Lakhani, Nina, and Jonathan Watts. “Environmental Justice Means Racial Justice, Say Activists.” The Guardian, June 2020.

  267. Lantsman, Jacqueline. “Pell Grant Expansion Is Key During the Recession.” Medium, https://medium.com, May 2020.

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  270. Latif Dahir, Abdi. “Kenya’s Health Workers, Unprotected and Falling Ill, Walk Off Job.” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/, August 2020.

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  274. Layne, Nathan, and Gabriella Borter. “Seven U.S. States Post Record COVID Cases, Curfew Ordered in Miami.” US News & World Report, https://www.usnews.com/, July 2020.

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  277. Lee, Kurtis, et al. “In Minneapolis, Months after George Floyd’s Death, Black Residents Cope with ’Racial Battle Fatigue.’” Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com, August 2020.

  278. Lee, Susan. “Coronavirus Has Sparked Another Epidemic in My Prison: Anti-Asian Racism.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org, December 2020.

  279. Leibenluft, Jacob, and Ben Olinsky. “Protecting Worker Safety and Economic Security During the COVID-19 Reopening.” Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/, June 2020.

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  281. Leonard, Kimberly. “The Coronavirus Is Devastating Communities of Color. The Trump Administration’s Top Doctor Blames ’Structural Racism’ and Shares His Plans to Take Action.” Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/, June 2020.

  282. Lerner, Louise. “Study: Nearly 16% of Illinois COVID-19 Cases Linked to Spread from Chicago Jail.” University of Chicago News, https://news.uchicago.edu/, June 2020.

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  285. Li, Weihua, and Beth Schwartzapfel. “Is Domestic Violence Rising During the Coronavirus Shutdown? Here’s What the Data Shows.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, April 2020.

  286. Lieber, Ron. “10 Steps to Take to Try to Prevent Your Own Eviction.” The New York Times, September 2020.

  287. Lin II, Rong-Gong, et al. “California Latino, Black Residents Hit Even Harder by Coronavirus as White People See Less Danger.” Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com/, June 2020.

  288. Lindsey, Al. Black Physicians Group Will Independently Vet Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines. September 2020.

  289. Lindstrom, Rebecca. “Breaking down Georgia’s COVID-19 Death Statistics.” 11Alive, https://www.11alive.com/, May 2020.

  290. Liptak, Adam. “Civil Rights Law Protects Gay and Transgender Workers, Supreme Court Rules.” The New York Times, June 2020.

  291. Long, Heather, et al. “Washington Post Analysis Find That the Covid-19 Recession Is the Most Unequal in Modern U.S. History.” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/, September 2020.

  292. Lopez, Oscar. “Economic Impact of Coronavirus Zeroes in on Black LGBT+ Americans.” Reuters, August 2020.

  293. Lu, Weihua. “Police Arrested Fewer People During Coronavirus Shutdowns—Even Fewer Were White.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, June 2020.

  294. López, Canela. “Oprah Winfrey Says the Coronavirus Is ’Ravaging’ the Black Community.” Insider, US edition, Insider, Inc., April 2020.

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  300. Mark, Michelle. “More US Prisoners Have Died of COVID-19 in Recent Months than Have Been Executed in the Last 20 Years.” Insider, https://www.insider.com/, August 2020.

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  310. McFarling, Usha Lee. Dermatology Faces a Reckoning: Lack of Darker Skin in Textbooks and Journals Harms Care for Patients of Color. July 2020.

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  312. McPhillips, Deidre. “U.S. News Reports on COVID-19’s Disproportionate Toll on Native Americans.” US News & World Report, https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2020-10-07/a-state-by-state-analysis-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-native-americans, October 2020.

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  314. Meissner, Caits. “Works of Justice: Temperature Check, COVID-19 Behind Bars, Vol. One.” PEN America, April 2020.

  315. Metcalf, Jerry. “No, Your Coronavirus Quarantine Is Not Just Like Being in Prison.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org, March 2020.

  316. Michaels, Samantha, and Samantha Michaels. “Breonna Taylor Is One of a Shocking Number of Black People to See Armed Police Barge Into Their Homes.” Mother Jones, May 2020.

  317. Miller, Andy. “Race and COVID: Stark Disparities in Rural Georgia.” Georgia Health News, October 2020.

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  319. Mineo, Liz. “Documenting the Lives of Black Americans in the Age of COVID.” Harvard Gazette, September 2020.

  320. ---. “How COVID Turned a Spotlight on Weak Worker Rights.” Harvard Gazette, June 2020.

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  333. ---. “Why Did It Take the Feds Weeks to Report COVID-19 Cases In Privately Run Prisons?” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, May 2020.

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  335. Neff, Joseph, and Keri Blakinger. “First Came The Pandemic, Then Came the Raw Sewage.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, May 2020.

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  536. Bettinger-Lopez,, Caroline. “A Double Pandemic: Domestic Violence in the Age of COVID-19.” Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org, May 2020.

  537. Black Trans Advocacy Coalition (BTAC). “Free COVID-19 Care Packages for the Transgender Community.” BTAC, https://blacktrans.org/, 2020.

  538. Blood Equality. “Love Is Love, & Blood Is Blood.” Blood Equality, https://www.blood-equality.com/, 2020.

  539. CBS 58 Newsroom. “’Societal Failure:’ Milwaukee Urban League Discusses Impact of COVID-19 on African American Community.” CBS58, https://www.cbs58.com/, May 2020.

  540. CBS News. “Dr. Fauci on Why the Coronavirus Is Wreaking Havoc on Black Communities.” CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/, July 2020.

  541. ---. “Coronavirus Is Third Biggest Cause of Death among Black Americans, Experts Say.” CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/, August 2020.

  542. CBS News, et al. Black and Latino Americans Underrepresented in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials, despite Being Hit the Hardest. https://www.cbsnews.com/, September 2020.

  543. CBS SF. Fifth San Quentin Death Row Inmate Dies During Prison COVID-19 Outbreak. July 2020.

  544. CNN. “Prison Inmates Are Twice as Likely to Die of Covid-19 than Those on the Outside, New Report Finds.” CBS58, https://www.cbs58.com/, September 2020.

  545. Cheney-Rice, Zak. “‘We’Re Going to All Start Dropping’: Rikers Inmates on Being Prisoners of COVID.” Intelligencer New York Magazine, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/, April 2020.

  546. Corrections One Staff. “Data Analyzes COVID-19 Impact on Jail Populations.” Corrections One, https://www.correctionsone.com/, June 2020.

  547. Curve Staff. “Human Rights Campaign Releases New Data Showing Latinx LGBTQ People Suffer Disproportionate Impact From COVID-19 Economic Fallout.” CURVE, https://www.curvemag.com/, September 2020.

  548. Dartagnan. “Dear Right-Wing Protesters: Your ’Liberty’ to Swing Your Fist Ends Just Where My Nose Begins.” Daily Kos, https://www.dailykos.com/, April 2020.

  549. DocWire News. Comorbidities Associated with Mortality in 31,461 Adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A Federated Electronic Medical Record Analysis. https://www.docwirenews.com/, September 2020.

  550. Equal Justice Initiative Staff. “Covid-19 Cases Increasing Dramatically in Prisons.” Equal Justice Initiative, https://eji.org/news/, June 2020.

  551. Equal Justice Initiative. “Covid-19’s Impact on People in Prison.” Equal Justice Initiative, https://eji.org/news/covid-19s-impact-on-people-in-prison/, May 2020.

  552. FCB Health Network. “Blood Equality Now! Gay and Bisexual Men Who Beat COVID-19 Banned From Donating Plasma.” Cision PR Newswire, https://www.prnewswire.com/, September 2020.

  553. Flores-Villalobos, Joan. “Black Deaths and Black Mourning in the Time of Coronavirus.” AAIHS, April 2020.

  554. Francis-Sharma, Lauren. “I Thought the Pandemic Would Give My Kids a Break from the Reality of Being Black in America. I Was Wrong.” Https://Www.thelily.com, https://www.thelily.com, June 2020.

  555. Harvard University Center for African Studies. “Joint Statement on Xenophobic and Racist Actions in Response to COVID-19.” Harvard University Center for African Studies, https://africa.harvard.edu, April 2020.

  556. Human Rights Watch. “Panama: Government Takes Step to End Quarantine Gender Discrimination.” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/, May 2020.

  557. Insider NJ. “Sumter & Jimenez Bill to Create COVID-19 Pandemic Task Force to Study Racial and Health Disparities Approved by Assembly Panel.” Insider NJ, https://www.insidernj.com/, June 2020.

  558. International Labour Organization. COVID-19 Cruelly Highlights Inequalities and Threatens to Deepen Them. March 2020.

  559. Johnson-Hargrove, Desha. “Coronavirus Killed My Husband. Stay Home to Save Others.” Time, April 2020.

  560. Kaiser Health. “How COVID Spikes May Impact Election Day Turnout In Key States.” Kaiser Health News, November 2020.

  561. Karaca-Mandic, Pinar, and Soumya Sen. “COVID-19 Hospitalizations Analysis Shows Disparities across Racial and Ethnic Groups.” ScienceDaily, https://www.sciencedaily.com/, August 2020.

  562. Kelsey Kauffman. “Why Jails Are Key to ‘Flattening the Curve’ of Coronavirus.” The Appeal, https://theappeal.org/jails-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-flattening-curve/, March 2020.

  563. Lambda Legal. “Lambda Legal Sues Trump Administration Over Ban on Speech About Systemic Racism, Sexism, and Implicit Bias.” Lambda Legal, https://www.lambdalegal.org, November 2020.

  564. Lisa Cooper. The Silver Lining in COVID-19’s Dark Clouds. 2020.

  565. Los Angeles Times Staff. “Tracking L.A.’s Effort to Protect Homeless People from Coronavirus.” Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com/, November 2020.

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  567. Meadows-Fernandez, A. Rochaun, et al. “Black Pregnant Women Face a Mortality Crisis—and Now a Pandemic. Can Tech Help?” Fast Company, https://www.fastcompany.com, May 2020.

  568. NAACP. “2020 Racial Justice Summit: Developing a Reconstruction Agenda for Black Boston.” NAACP Boston Branch, http://naacpboston.com/, May 2020.

  569. NPR. “Harvard Researcher Discusses Why COVID-19 Is Devastating Communities Of Color.” NPR.org, https://www.npr.org/, September 2020.

  570. NYU Langone Health. “New Study Finds Racial Disparities in COVID-19-Related Deaths Exist Beyond Income Differences in 10 Large U.S. Cities.” Cision PR Newswire, https://www.prnewswire.com/, July 2020.

  571. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine. The National Academies Press, 2020.

  572. National Institutes of Health. “NIH Funds Community Engagement Research Efforts in Areas Hardest Hit by COVID-19.” National Institutes of Health (NIH), https://www.nih.gov/, September 2020.

  573. National Urban League. “2020 State Of Black America Examines The Depth Of Systemic Inequality Exposed By The Coronavirus Epidemic.” State of Black America, https://soba.iamempowered.com, September 2020.

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  575. PEN America. “Egyptian Writer Detained for Protesting Prison Conditions That Could Worsen COVID-19 Spread.” PEN America, https://pen.org/, March 2020.

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Scholarly Publications

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  3. Abbasi, Jennifer. “Taking a Closer Look at COVID-19, Health Inequities, and Racism.” JAMA; Chicago, American Medical Association, June 2020, doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/10.1001/jama.2020.11672.

  4. Abedi, Vida, et al. “Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United States.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, Springer International Publishing, May 2020, doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4.

  5. Abrams, Elissa M., and Stanley J. Szefler. “COVID-19 and the Impact of Social Determinants of Health.” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, vol. 8, no. 7, July 2020, pp. 659–61, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30234-4.

  6. Abuelgasim, Eyad, et al. “COVID-19: Unique Public Health Issues Facing Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Communities.” Current Problems in Cardiology, vol. 45, no. 8, August 2020, p. 100621, doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100621.

  7. Adeline, Stephanie, et al. “Coronavirus Maps: How Severe Is Your State’s Outbreak?” NPR, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s, October 2020.

  8. Ahmad, Khansa, et al. “Association of Poor Housing Conditions with COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality across US Counties.” PLoS One; San Francisco, vol. 15, no. 11, Public Library of Science, November 2020, p. e0241327, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241327.

  9. Albro, Robert, and Eric Hershberg. Assessing Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Latino-Owned Businesses in the DC-Metro Region. June 2020, p. 14.

  10. Alexander, Apryl A., et al. “Sick and Shut In: Incarceration During a Public Health Crisis.” The Journal of Humanistic Psychology; Beverly Hills, vol. 60, no. 5, September 2020, pp. 647–56, doi:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022167820930556.

  11. Alkhatib, Ala L., et al. “BMI Is Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit Admission in African Americans.” Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), August 2020, doi:10.1002/oby.22937.

  12. Alobuia, Wilson M., et al. “Racial Disparities in Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to COVID-19 in the USA.” Journal of Public Health, vol. 42, no. 3, Oxford University Press, August 2020, pp. 470–78, doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa069.

  13. Azar, Kristen M. J., et al. “Disparities In Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients In A Large Health Care System In California.” Health Affairs, Health Affairs, May 2020, p. 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00598, doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00598.

  14. Baquero, Barbara, et al. “Understanding and Addressing Latinx COVID-19 Disparities in Washington State.” Health Education & Behavior, October 2020.

  15. Barber, Sharrelle. “Death by Racism.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 20, no. 8, Elsevier, August 2020, p. 903, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30567-3.

  16. Bassett, Mary T., and Sandro Galea. “Reparations as a Public Health Priority — A Strategy for Ending Black–White Health Disparities.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, October 2020, p. null, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2026170.

  17. Bassolas, Aleix, et al. “Disproportionate Incidence of COVID-19 in African Americans Correlates with Dynamic Segregation.” MedRxiv, Cornell University Library, arXiv.org, July 2020.

  18. Bastard, Paul, et al. “Autoantibodies against Type I IFNs in Patients with Life-Threatening COVID-19.” Science, vol. 370, no. 6515, American Association for the Advancement of Science, October 2020, doi:10.1126/science.abd4585.

  19. Belanger, Matthew J., et al. “Covid-19 and Disparities in Nutrition and Obesity.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, July 2020, p. null, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2021264.

  20. Bendix, Jeffrey. “African Americans with COVID-19 More Likely to Be Hospitalized than Whites.” Medical Economics, vol. 97, no. 11, July 2020, pp. 10–10.

  21. Bernheim, B. Douglas, et al. “The Effects of Large Group Meetings on the Spread of COVID-19: The Case of Trump Rallies.” Stanford University Department of Economics, October 2020, p. 15.

  22. Bhala, Neeraj, et al. “Sharpening the Global Focus on Ethnicity and Race in the Time of COVID-19.” The Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10238, Elsevier Limited, May 2020, pp. 1673–76, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31102-8.

  23. Blackstock, Uché. “What the COVID-19 Pandemic Means for Black Americans.” Scientific American Blog Network, Springer Nature B.V., April 2020.

  24. Block, Ray, et al. “African American Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations.” Health Literacy Research and Practice, vol. 4, no. 3, SLACK INCORPORATED, August 2020, pp. e166–e170, doi:10.3928/24748307-20200707-01.

  25. Bolsover, Gillian. “Black Lives Matter Discourse on US Social Media during COVID: Polarised Positions Enacted in a New Event.” SSRN, Cornell University Library, arXiv.org, September 2020.

  26. Booker, Staja, et al. “Surviving Multiple Pandemics—COVID-19 and Racism for African American Older Adults: A Call to Gerontological Nursing for Social Justice.” Journal of Gerontological Nursing, vol. 46, no. 9, August 2020, pp. 4–6, doi:10.3928/00989134-20200811-01.

  27. Boyd, Rhea W., et al. On Racism: A New Standard For Publishing On Racial Health Inequities | Health Affairs. https://www.healthaffairs.org/, July 2020.

  28. Braithwaite, Ronald, and Rueben Warren. “The African American Petri Dish.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, vol. 31, no. 2, Johns Hopkins University Press, June 2020, pp. 491–502, doi:10.1353/hpu.2020.0037.

  29. Bristow, Nancy K. “‘It’s as Bad as Anything Can Be’: Patients, Identity, and the Influenza Pandemic.” Public Health Reports, vol. 125, no. Suppl 3, 2010, pp. 134–44.

  30. Brown, Caitlin, and Martin Ravallion. “Poverty, Inequality, and COVID-19 in the US.” VoxEU.org, August 2020.

  31. Brown, Italo M., et al. “COVID-19 Disparities and the Black Community: A Health Equity–Informed Rapid Response Is Needed.” American Journal of Public Health; Washington, vol. 110, no. 9, September 2020, pp. 1350–51.

  32. Bucknall, William, and Destiny Moreno. COVID, Corrections, and Oversight Project. November 2020, p. 25.

  33. Buse, Kent, et al. “COVID-19 Combination Prevention Requires Attention to Structural Drivers.” The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10249, Elsevier, August 2020, p. 466, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31723-2.

  34. Cahill, Sean, et al. “Sexual and Gender Minority Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Why Data Collection and Combatting Discrimination Matter Now More Than Ever.” American Journal of Public Health; Washington, vol. 110, no. 9, September 2020, pp. 1360–61, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305829.

  35. Carethers, John M. “Insights into Disparities Observed with COVID-19.” Journal of Internal Medicine; Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., November 2020, doi:10.1111/joim.13199.

  36. Castro, Shakti. “Surveilling Racialized Bodies.” NACLA Report on the Americas, vol. 52, no. 3, Taylor & Francis Ltd, August 2020, pp. 296–302.

  37. Chachkhiani, David, et al. “Neurological Complications in a Predominantly African American Sample of COVID-19 Predict Worse Outcomes during Hospitalization.” Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, vol. 197, Elsevier, October 2020, p. 106173, doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106173.

  38. Chastain, Daniel B., et al. “Racial Disproportionality in Covid Clinical Trials.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, August 2020, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2021971.

  39. Chiriboga, David, et al. “Health Inequity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cry for Ethical Global Leadership.” Lancet (London, England), vol. 395, no. 10238, Elsevier, May 2020, pp. 1690–91, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31145-4.

  40. Chowkwanyun, Merlin, and Adolph L. Reed. “Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, May 2020, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2012910.

  41. Clark, Andrew, et al. “Global, Regional, and National Estimates of the Population at Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19 Due to Underlying Health Conditions in 2020: A Modelling Study.” The Lancet Global Health, Elsevier, June 2020, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30264-3.

  42. Claxton, Gary, et al. “Almost One in Four Adult Workers Is Vulnerable to Severe Illness from COVID-19.” KFF, June 2020.

  43. Cohut, Maria. “How the Pandemic Is Affecting Mental Health in Diverse US Communities.” Medical News Today, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/, May 2020.

  44. Cooper, Lisa A., and Deidra C. Crews. “COVID-19, Racism, and the Pursuit of Health Care and Research Worthy of Trust.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, American Society for Clinical Investigation, July 2020, doi:10.1172/JCI141562.

  45. Cornelissen, Sharon, and Alexander Hermann. “A Triple Pandemic? The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Disproportionately Affect Black and Hispanic Households.” Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, July 2020.

  46. Couch, Kenneth A., and Robert Fairlie. “Last Hired, First Fired? Black-White Unemployment and the Business Cycle.” Demography, vol. 47, no. 1, February 2010, pp. 227–47.

  47. Coughlin, Steven S., et al. “COVID-19 Among African Americans: From Preliminary Epidemiological Surveillance Data to Public Health Action.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 110, no. 8, American Public Health Association, August 2020, pp. 1157–59, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305764.

  48. Covey, Ethan. “Older Black Men More Likely Hospitalized for COVID-19.” Infectious Disease Special Edition, https://www.idse.net/, August 2020.

  49. Cyrus, Elena, et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on African American Communities in the United States.” MedRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, May 2020, doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.20096552.

  50. Czeisler, Mark E., et al. “Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 24–30, 2020.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 69, August 2020, doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1.

  51. Dave, Dhaval, et al. Black Lives Matter Protests, Social Distancing, and COVID-19. no. w27408, w27408, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2020, p. w27408, doi:10.3386/w27408.

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  53. Dutton, Melinda, et al. “In Pursuit of Whole Person Health: A Review of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Initiatives in Medicaid Managed Care Contracts and 1115 Waivers.” Manatt, https://manatt.com/insights/press-releases/2020/sdoh-integration-and-innovation-a-manatt-health-re, November 2020.

  54. Dyer, Owen. “Covid-19: Black People and Other Minorities Are Hardest Hit in US.” BMJ, vol. 369, BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, April 2020, pp. 1–2, doi:10.1136/bmj.m1483.

  55. ---. “Covid-19: Minorities Account for 78% of US Deaths in under 21s, Says CDC.” The BMJ, https://www.bmj.com/, September 2020.

  56. Ebinger, Joseph E., et al. “Pre-Existing Traits Associated with Covid-19 Illness Severity.” PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 7, Public Library of Science, July 2020, pp. 1–16, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236240.

  57. Egede, Leonard E., and Rebekah J. Walker. “Structural Racism, Social Risk Factors, and Covid-19 — A Dangerous Convergence for Black Americans.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, July 2020, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2023616.

  58. Elbaum, Alan. “Black Lives in a Pandemic: Implications of Systemic Injustice for End-of-Life Care.” The Hastings Center Report, vol. 50, no. 3, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., June 2020, pp. 58–60, doi:10.1002/hast.1135.

  59. Erickson, Lucy. “The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Women of Color.” Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR), https://swhr.org/, April 2020.

  60. Evans, Megan L., et al. “A Pandemic within a Pandemic — Intimate Partner Violence during Covid-19.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, September 2020, doi:10.1056/NEJMp2024046.

  61. Ferdinand, Keith C., and Samar A. Nasser. “African American COVID-19 Mortality: A Sentinel Event.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 75, no. 21, June 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.040.

  62. Figueroa, Jose F., et al. “Community-Level Factors Associated With Racial And Ethnic Disparities In COVID-19 Rates In Massachusetts: Study Examines Community-Level Factors Associated with Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Rates in Massachusetts.” Health Affairs, August 2020, doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01040.

  63. Flanders, W. Dana, et al. “The Association of Voter Turnout with County-Level COVID-19 Occurrence Early in the Pandemic.” Annals of Epidemiology, July 2020, doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.011.

  64. Flannery, Dustin D., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Parturient Women.” MedRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, July 2020, p. 2020.07.08.20149179, doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.20149179.

  65. Fletcher, Faith E., et al. “COVID-19’s Impact on the African American Community: A Stakeholder Engagement Approach to Increase Public Awareness Through Virtual Town Halls.” Health Equity, vol. 4, no. 1, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., July 2020, pp. 320–25, doi:10.1089/heq.2020.0029.

  66. Ford, Tiffany, et al. “Race Gaps in COVID-19 Deaths Are Even Bigger than They Appear.” Brookings Institute, https://www.brookings.edu/, June 2020.

  67. Fox, Sharon E., et al. “Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in African American Patients with COVID-19: An Autopsy Series from New Orleans.” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Elsevier, May 2020, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5.

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  205. Emory University. Covid-19 Health Equity Interactive Dashboard. https://covid19.emory.edu/, 2020.

  206. Fink-Samnick, Ellen. ‘Impact of COVID-19 on SDoH and SDoMH Revealed in National Study’. RAC Monitor, https://www.racmonitor.com/, June 2020.

  207. Harvard Global Health Institute. July 6, 2020 | State Testing Targets – Pandemics Explained. https://globalepidemics.org/july-6-2020-state-testing-targets/, July 2020.

  208. Health Affairs. “COVID-19 Eviction Moratoria by State, Commonwealth, and Territory.” Health Affairs, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vTH8dUIbfnt3X52TrY3dEHQCAm60e5nqo0Rn1rNCf15dPGeXxM9QN9UdxUfEjxwvfTKzbCbZxJMdR7X/pubhtml, August 2020.

  209. Health Economy. “COVID-19 Hits Some People Harder than Others.” Health Economy, Newstex, April 2020.

  210. House Committee on Energy and Commerce. “Full Committee Hearing on ‘Oversight of the Trump Administration’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.’” Energy and Commerce Committee, https://energycommerce.house.gov/, June 2020.

  211. Human Rights Campaign Foundation. “The Lives and Livelihoods of Many in the LGBTQ Community Are at Risk Amidst COVID-19 Crisis.” HRC, https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-lives-and-livelihoods-of-many-in-the-lgbtq-community-are-at-risk-amidst-covid-19-crisis, March 2020.

  212. Institute of Medicine. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. National Academies Press, 2003, p. 10260, doi:10.17226/10260.

  213. JBHE. “Discrimination Incidents Against African Americans Spike During COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, BruCon Publishing Company, April 2020.

  214. Minkler Meredith, et al. “Seizing the Moment: Policy Advocacy to End Mass Incarceration in the Time of COVID-19.” Health Education and Behavior, vol. 47, no. 4, SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC., August 2020, pp. 514–18, doi:10.1177/1090198120933281.

  215. Muñoz-Price, L. Silvia, et al. “Racial Disparities in Incidence and Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19.” JAMA Network Open, vol. 3, no. 9, American Medical Association, September 2020, pp. e2021892–e2021892, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21892.

  216. National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund. National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund Tracking Poll. Survey, October 2020.

  217. National Public Radio, et al. The Impact of Coronovirus on Households in Major U.S. Cities: Survey Background. September 2020, p. 106.

  218. New York City Comptroller’s Office. New York City’s Frontline Workers. March 2020, pp. 1–15.

  219. New York City Department of Health. Age Adjusted Rate of Fatal Lab Confirmed COVID-19 Cases per 100,000 by Race/Ethnicity Group as of April 6, 2020. April 2020.

  220. Northwestern Institute for Policy Research. Racial Disparities in Food Insecurity Persist: Institute for Policy Research - Northwestern University. https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/, July 2020.

  221. PBS. “The Eugenics Crusade.” PBS American Experience, October 2018.

  222. PCCI Admin. “PCCI’s Vulnerability Index Shows Social Disparities as Leading Risk Factor during COVID-19 Outbreak – PCCI.” PCCI, https://pccinnovation.org/, June 2020.

  223. Pew. “U.S. Public Sees Multiple Threats From the Coronavirus – and Concerns Are Growing; Majorities Express Confidence in CDC and State and Local Officials.” Pew Research Center, February 2020.

  224. Price-Haywood, Eboni G., et al. “Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19.” New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, May 2020, doi:10.1056/NEJMsa2011686.

  225. Princeton University Eviction Lab. “The Eviction Tracking System.” Eviction Lab, https://evictionlab.org/eviction-tracking/, 2020.

  226. Public Health England. Disparities in the Risk and Outcomes from COVID-19. Government of the United Kingdom, June 2020, pp. 1–89.

  227. ---. Beyond the Data: Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on BAME Communities. Government of the United Kingdom, June 2020, pp. 1–69.

  228. Public Policy Institute. “New Analysis Looks at Jail Populations amid COVID-19 Pandemic.” Indiana University Public Policy Institute, https://policyinstitute.iu.edu/, June 2020.

  229. Queens Public Library. “Queens Memory Covid-19 Project.” Queens Public Library NYC, https://qplnyc.urbanarchive.me/cities/nyc.

  230. Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra, et al. “Greater Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Populations Is Not Explained by Cardiometabolic, Socioeconomic or Behavioural Factors, or by 25(OH)-Vitamin D Status: Study of 1326 Cases from the UK Biobank.” Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England), vol. 42, no. 3, Oxford University Press, August 2020, pp. 451–60, doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa095.

  231. Rubin-Miller, Lily, et al. “COVID-19 Racial Disparities in Testing, Infection, Hospitalization, and Death: Analysis of Epic Patient Data.” KFF, September 2020.

  232. Salisbury-Afshar, Elizabeth M., et al. “Vulnerable Populations: Weathering the Pandemic Storm.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 58, no. 6, June 2020, pp. 892–94, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.002.

  233. Schmitt-Grohé, Stephanie, et al. Covid-19: Testing Inequality in New York City. National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020, p. w27019, doi:10.3386/w27019.

  234. State of Black America, and Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity. “Johns Hopkins Report: Covid-19 by the Numbers.” State of Black America, https://soba.iamempowered.com/johns-hopkins-report, 2020.

  235. Surgo Foundation, and Sema Sgaier. The COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index: Bringing Greater Precision to the COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation Response. https://precisionforcovid.org/ccvi, 2020.

  236. The Covid Prison Project Staff. “The Covid Prison Project.” The Covid Prison Project, https://covidprisonproject.com/, 2020.

  237. The Marshall Project. “A State-by-State Look at Coronavirus in Prisons.” The Marshall Project, https://www.themarshallproject.org/, May 2020.

  238. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. “National Academies Release Draft Framework for Equitable Allocation of a COVID-19 Vaccine.” The National Academies Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2020/09/national-academies-release-draft-framework-for-equitable-allocation-of-a-covid-19-vaccine-seek-public-comment, September 2020.

  239. The New York Times. “The Striking Racial Divide in How Covid-19 Has Hit Nursing Homes.” The New York Times, September 2020.

  240. The Urban Institute. Tracking COVID-19’s Effects by Race and Ethnicity: Weekly Updates on Americans’ Health, Housing, and Livelihoods. https://www.urban.org/, June 2020.

  241. Tubbs-Cooley, Heather L., et al. “Under the Right Conditions, Center-Based Child Care Is an Unlikely COVID-19 Threat to Staff.” Pediatrics, October 2020, p. e2020034405, doi:10.1542/peds.2020-034405.

  242. UCLA American Indian Studies Center. “Coronavirus in Indian Country: Latest Case Counts.” UCLA, https://www.aisc.ucla.edu/, June 2020.

  243. UNESCO. “Mapping of Online Articles on Covid-19 and Gender.” UNESCO, https://en.unesco.org, April 2020.


Audiovisual Materials

  1. Bates, Karen G. “What Does ’Hood Feminism’ Mean For A Pandemic? : Code Switch.” NPR, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/05/850963562/what-does-hood-feminism-mean-for-a-pandemic, May 2020.

  2. Benjamin, Ruha. Black Skin, White Masks: Racism, Vulnerability, and Refuting Black Pathology. April 2020.

  3. Blistein, Jon, and Jon Blistein. “Jaboukie Young-White Examines Why Gay Men Still Struggle to Donate Blood During COVID-19.” Rolling Stone, May 2020.

  4. Castrucci, Brian. COVID-19, Social Determinants Highlight Health Inequities — What Next? no. 14.

  5. Cott, Emma, et al. Video: Low Pay, High Risk: Nursing Home Workers Confront Coronavirus Dilemma. March 2020.

  6. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. Under the Blacklight: The Intersectional Vulnerabilities That COVID Lays Bare. no. 22.

  7. Davies, Dave, and Fresh Air. NPR Fresh Air: Will The Affordable Care Act Survive The Next Supreme Court Challenge?

  8. Demby, Gene. The United States’ Pre-Existing Conditions: Ed Yong Talks About COVID-19 And Structural Inequality (25 August 2020). no. 241 (2020-08-26).

  9. Hajek, Danny. “In Homes Left Empty By COVID-19, This Georgia Woman Packs Up The Memories.” NPR Morning Edition, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/26/861992750/georgia-company-packs-up-homes-of-deceased-covid-19-victims, May 2020.

  10. Hoffman, David, and Racecar Radio. The Big Shut-In.

  11. Jones, Daisha. “Pregnant Black Women Face Higher Mortality Rates: How COVID-19 Adds to Fears.” KSHB Kansas City, https://www.kshb.com/news/coronavirus/pregnant-black-women-face-higher-mortality-rates-how-covid-19-adds-to-fears, April 2020.

  12. Mansbach, Daniela, and Alisa Von Hagel. “The Abortion Barriers and Needs of Black Women.” Scholars Strategy Network, https://scholars.org/, April 2018.

  13. Nast, Condé. “Arkansas Prisoners Organize Against Unchecked Racism and the Coronavirus.” The New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/, June 2020.

  14. O’Brien, Tiasia. “Data 4 Black Lives: A Movement Roundtable on COVID-19.” Co:Census, April 2020.

  15. Raman, Sandhya. “COVID-19 Amplifies Racial Disparities in Maternal Health.” Roll Call, https://www.rollcall.com/2020/05/14/covid-19-amplifies-racial-disparities-in-maternal-health/, May 2020.

  16. Stone, Will. “Tear-Gassing Protesters During An Infectious Outbreak Called ’A Recipe For Disaster.’” Shots: Health News from NPR, June 2020.

  17. Young, Robin, and Jerilyn LeBeau Church. COVID-19 Surges Among Native Americans In The Great Plains. WBUR, November 2020.

  18. Zimmer, Carl, and Michael Barbaro. A Vaccine Breakthrough.

  19. Al-Hlou, Yousur, and Ora DeKornfeld. Video: Coronavirus ‘Ripped A Hole’ In N.Y.C.’s Black Community. This Funeral Director Knows. June 2020.

  20. Alliance for Health Policy. Health Inequities: Addressing the Disease Burden in Black, Indigenous, & People of Color Communities. June 2020.

  21. American Association for Cancer Research. Health Inequities and Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Cancer Care. June 2020.

  22. American Bar Association Section of Civil Rights and Social Justice. Issues Affecting Native American Communities During the COVID-19 Crisis. April 2020.

  23. American Medical Association. Prioritizing Equity: COVID-19 & the Experiences of Medical Students. May 2020.

  24. ---. COVID-19 Update: Effects on Native American Population. April 2020.

  25. ---. COVID-19 Update: Effects on Racially Marginalized Groups. April 2020.

  26. ---. Prioritizing Equity: COVID-19 and Latinx Voices in the Field. May 2020.

  27. ---. Prioritizing Equity: COVID-19 & Native Voices in the Field. May 2020.

  28. ---. Prioritizing Equity: Moving Upstream. July 2020.

  29. ---. Prioritizing Equity: Police Brutality and COVID-19. June 2020.

  30. ---. Prioritizing Equity: The Root Cause. May 2020.

  31. ---. Prioritizing Equity: The Root Cause & Considerations for Health Care Professionals. June 2020.

  32. American Medical Association, and Howard Bauchner. Who Gets Coronavirus Vaccine First? A Webinar with Dr. William H. Foege. October 2020.

  33. American Psychological Association. Why Is COVID 19 Disproportionately Affecting Black and Latino Americans with Brian Smedley, PhD. April 2020.

  34. American Public Health Association. COVID-19 and Health Equity — Exploring Disparities and Long-Term Health Impacts. April 2020.

  35. Annals on Call. COVID-19 Disparities. no. June 4, 2020.

  36. BMJ’s Coronavirus (COVID-19) Playlist. Where Race, Disparity, and Pandemic Collide: COVID-19 USA. no. July 1, 2020.

  37. Beyond the White Coat. Racial Health Disparities: How COVID-19 Magnified a Public Health Emergency. no. June 24, 2020.

  38. BioConnect. Health Disparities Among COVID-19. no. May 6, 2020.

  39. Black Mamas Matter Alliance (BMMA). Black Maternal Health and the U.S. COVID-19 Response. April 2020.

  40. Black Women Radicals. Sisters and Siblings in the Struggle: COVID-19 + Black + Asian-American Feminists Solidarities. May 2020.

  41. Bloomberg. Income Inequality Gap Widens Amid COVID-19. September 2020.

  42. Brookings Institute. The Impact of COVID-19 on Prisons. May 2020.

  43. ---. “Webinar: Valuing Black Lives and Property in America’s Black Cities.” Brookings Institute, April 2020.

  44. C-SPAN. Vice Presidential Debate between Mike Pence and Kamala Harris. October 2020.

  45. ---. First 2020 Presidential Debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden. September 2020.

  46. CA Public Health. Infectious Joy - A California Department of Public Health COVID-19 PSA Targeting Young Latinx and Black People. August 2020.

  47. ---. Let’s Get Close - A California Department of Public Health COVID-19 PSA Targeting Young Latinx and Black People.

  48. CBS News. How COVID-19 and Racial Injustice Impact the Mental Health in Black Communities. August 2020.

  49. CBS News, et al. Longstanding Issues Put Native American Communities at High COVID-19 Risk. April 2020.

  50. CDC. CDC COVID-19 Response Promising Practices in Health Equity II. July 2020.

  51. CNBC. What COVID-19 Health Disparities Mean to Six Black Medical Professionals. May 2020.

  52. COVID-19 Daily Update: Minnesota Native News. COVID-19 Cases Among Native Americans in Minnesota Likely Underreported. no. July 15, 2020.

  53. Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice. Peeling Back the Mask: Holding Harvard Accountable to Communities of Color in the Age of COVID-19. May 2020.

  54. Columbia University African American and African Diaspora Studies Department. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Tramell Thompson on the Frontlines of NYC Subways". no. 02.

  55. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Prof. Keesha Middlemass on Incarceration and Re-Entry". no. 04.

  56. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Prof. Malo Hutson on the Built Environment". no. 01.

  57. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Matt Swain on Being an Essential Healthcare Worker During the Crisis". no. 05.

  58. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Saeeda Dunston on Providing Community Services During a Pandemic". no. 06.

  59. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Prof. Jelani Cobb on the Pandemic, History, and Our ‘American Spring’". no. 07.

  60. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Prof. Steven Thrasher on the Criminalization of Disease and Poverty". no. 08.

  61. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Prof. Alondra Nelson on Science, Technology, and Social Inequality". no. 09.

  62. ---. Black Lives: In the Era of COVID-19: "Dr. Oni Blackstock on NYC’s Health Response". no. 03.

  63. Dana Blanchard. “What a School Means: A Conversation with Eve L. Ewing.” Haymarket Books, https://ww-w.haymarketbooks.org/blogs/154-what-a-school-means-a-conversation-with-eve-l-ewing, May 2020.

  64. Dear Culture. Hell No, We Won’t Go...Outside (Featuring Dr. Henry Louis Gates Jr.).

  65. Democracy Now! “COVID Exposes ‘Significant Racial Health Inequities’ as Black, Brown & Indigenous People Suffer Most.” Democracy Now!, https://www.democracynow.org/2020/7/8/racial_disparities_healthcare_coronavirus, July 2020.

  66. DemocracyNow. “America’s Moment of Reckoning”: Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor & Cornel West on Uprising Against Racism. July 2020.

  67. ---. “A Systematic Issue of Disparity”: Black People in Louisiana Account for 70% of COVID-19 Deaths. April 2020.

  68. ---. COVID Racial Data Tracker: Ibram X. Kendi on How Better Data Reveals the True Toll of the Pandemic. May 2020.

  69. DocWire News, and Susan Bailey. Susan Bailey, MD, AMA President, Talks About The Impact of COVID-19 on the Latinx Community. November 2020.

  70. Duke University. COVID-19 Media Briefing: The Pandemic’s Impact on Black Communities. July 2020.

  71. Faces of Diparity. COVID-19: Addressing Systemic Racism in the Midst of Pandemic - Infectious Diseases Society of America | Podcast on Spotify. no. July 18, 2020.

  72. Good Morning America. Expectant Moms Share Concerns over Giving Birth amid the Coronavirus. March 2020.

  73. Gotham Center for New York History. COVID University New York (CVNY).

  74. Guardian News. First Pfizer Covid Vaccine given to British Grandmother. December 2020.

  75. Harvard African Studies. Race to a Vaccine. June 2020.

  76. ---. “Africa & COVID-19 Webinar Series: Shared Experiences with COVID-19 in African and African American Communities.” Harvard University Center for African Studies, https://africa.harvard.edu/event/africa-covid-19-webinar-series-african-and-african-american-experiences-covid, May 2020.

  77. ---. Implications of COVID-19 on Food and Nutrition Security. June 2020.

  78. ---. Combating Racism and Xenophobia during COVID-19. May 2020.

  79. ---. Africa’s Healthcare Response to COVID-19. May 2020.

  80. Harvard Graduate School of Education. Education Now: Practicing Antiracism in Your School. August 2020.

  81. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. COVID-19 Brings Persistent Racial and Ethnic Disparities to Focus. April 2020.

  82. Harvard University Hutchins Center. Epidemics and Health Disparities in African American Communities. April 2020.

  83. ---. Lessons Not Learned: Smallpox and African Americans in the 1860s. April 2020.

  84. House Committee on Education and Labor. Inequities Exposed: How COVID-19 Widened Racial Inequities in Education, Health, and the Workforce. June 2020.

  85. Indianz. COVID-19 and American Racism: A Mohawk Perspective. April 2020.

  86. Info Continuum. FEMinCOVID Series-Judicaelle Irakoze. July 2020.

  87. International Institute for Environment and Development. Inequality in the Face of COVID-19: How Grassroots Communities Are Taking Action. July 2020.

  88. International Labour Organization. COVID-19 Cruelly Highlights Inequalities and Threatens to Deepen Them. March 2020.

  89. Ivanhoe Broadcast News. Best Life: COVID-19 Greatly Impacting the African American Community. July 2020.

  90. JAMA Medical News. Coronavirus and Health Inequities.

  91. Jennifer Abbasi (JAMA Medical News). Taking a Closer Look at COVID-19, Health Inequities, and Racism. June 2020.

  92. Johns Hopkins Medicine. COVID-19: Health Disparities. May 2020.

  93. KGW8 NBC Staff. Oregon Prison System Faces COVID Challenges during Wildfires | Kgw.Com. September 2020.

  94. Lean In. “How Covid-19 Is Impacting Women of Color.” Facebook Live, https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=1195433357484357&ref=watch_permalink, May 2020.

  95. Liberation News. Massachusetts #FreeHer Car Protest Demands the Release of Incarcerated Women during COVID-19 - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xsrCtgO4O4&feature=emb_logo, April 2020.

  96. Mayo Clinic. African American COVID-19 Town Hall April 28, 2020. April 2020.

  97. Miriam Delaney Heard (NDRN). The Effects of COVID-19 on the African American Community - National Disability Rights Network. April 2020.

  98. MultcoPresents. Briefing on COVID-19 Disparities for Communities of Color. April 2020.

  99. Museum of the African Diaspora (MoAD). Still We Rise: Black Maternal Health During Covid-19. April 2020.

  100. NBC Chicago. ‘Do Not Invite Anyone Over’ to Your Home, Chicago’s Top Doctor Urges. October 2020.

  101. NBC News. ’A Living Hell’: Prisoners With COVID-19 Kept In Solitary Confinement | NBC News NOW. July 2020.

  102. ---. Graduate Together: America Honors The High School Class Of 2020. May 2020.

  103. National Association of Black Journalists. AMA-NABJ Virtual Town Hall: COVID-19 and the Black Community Town Hall. May 2020.

  104. National Minority Quality Forum. National Minority Quality Forum Webinar: Mental Health & COVID-19. April 2020.

  105. Natural Medicine Journal. Healthcare Disparity and COVID-19.

  106. PBS Frontline. COVID’s Hidden Toll. June 2020.

  107. PBS Newhour. How COVID-19 Is Highlighting Racial Disparities in Americans’ Health. July 2020.

  108. PBS News Hour. ‘We’Re Angry and We’Re Hurting.’ Why Communities of Color Suffer More from COVID-19. May 2020.

  109. PBS Newshour. WATCH LIVE: HHS Updates Public about Impact of COVID-19. July 2020.

  110. Pitt Diversity. COVID-19: The Pittsburgh Latinx Community Experience & Response. September 2020.

  111. Public Health - Seattle & King County. Media Briefing: Update on Impacts of COVID-19 by Race and Ethnicity in King County. May 2020.

  112. Public Health on Call. COVID-19’s Particular Threat to Native American Communities. no. 43.

  113. Radcliffe Institute Harvard University. When “Stay at Home” Isn’t Safe: Domestic Violence during COVID-19. June 2020.

  114. ---. Amplifying Community Voices: LGBTQ Health and Wellbeing during COVID-19. July 2020.

  115. Radcliffe Institute. “Is Now the Time to Build a Better System? K–12 Education and Systemic Racism in the Era of COVID-19.” Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/video/now-time-build-better-system-k%E2%80%9312-education-and-systemic-racism-in-era-covid-19, July 2020.

  116. ---. Health, Inequity, and COVID-19. May 2020.

  117. RealSciLine. COVID-19: Health Disparities and Vulnerable Populations. May 2020.

  118. SHEA Podcasts. COVID-19: Racial Disparities, 7/09. no. June 9, 2020.

  119. South Central Rooted. 2:COVID-19 and the Drivers of Disparity. no. 2.

  120. TIME. Watch: Doctors Explain Why COVID-19 May Be More Dangerous for African Americans. May 2020.

  121. The Berkeley Forum. Dr. Anthony Fauci Participates in COVID-19 Fireside Chat, Touches on Systemic Racial Injustice. October 2020.

  122. The Charlotte Observer, and er. NC Begins Releasing Some Inmates Early to Fight the Spread of Coronavirus. April 2020.

  123. The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven. Donor Briefing on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic. May 2020.

  124. The DEI Shift. Disparity Exacerbation, Triggered by COVID19. no. May 2, 2020.

  125. The Daily. The Mistakes New York Made. no. July 27, 2020.

  126. The Fletcher School at Tufts University. Intersectionality & COVID-19: A Discussion with Fletcher Faculty and Students. April 2020.

  127. The Frontline Dispatch. Race, Police & the Pandemic. no. 30.

  128. The Intercept. Covid-19 Transforming Culture and Media in The United States - System Update with Murtaza Hussain. no. 14.

  129. The Journal American Medical Association Network. Coronavirus and Health Inequities. June 2020.

  130. The New Democracy Coalition. “Boston’s Black Communities to Discuss the Covid-19 Outbreak.” The New Democracy Coalition, https://www.thenewdemocracycoalition.org/live-stream-bostons-black-communities-to-discuss-the-covid-19-outbreak/, April 2020.

  131. The New York Times. How to Learn From a Plague (April 16, 2020).

  132. The New Yorker, and David Remnick. The Injustice of COVID-19 with Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor.

  133. Transgender Law Center. The Black Trans Femmes on the Frontlines of the Crisis. April 2020.

  134. ---. The Black Trans Leaders Showing the Way to Liberation. May 2020.

  135. Transnational Institute. Webinar Recording: COVID-19 and the Global Fight against Mass Incarceration. June 2020.

  136. U.S. News & World Report. Webinar: Addressing Poverty and Racism As Public Health Threats. September 2020.

  137. UC Berkley Events. Berkeley Conversations - Straight Talk: A Conversation about Racism, Health Inequities and COVID-19. April 2020.

  138. VICE News. Prisoners Are Using Smuggled Cellphones to Show the Coronavirus Nightmare Behind Bars. June 2020.

  139. WTVR Richmond. COVID-19 Exposing Deeply Rooted Racial Inequalities in Health Care. July 2020.

  140. Wall Street Journal. What’s Behind the Biggest Wave of Protests in Decades - The Journal. no. 2020-06-02.

  141. We Live Here. COVID-19: Educational Disparities.

  142. Yale University Institute for Global Health. COVID-19 Update: A Conversation with Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. October 2020.


Digital Materials

  1. Adams, Vincanne. “Disasters and Capitalism\Ldots and COVID-19.” Somatosphere, March 2020.

  2. Bermant, Laia Soto, and Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov. “Social Anthropology: Vol 28, No 2.” Social Anthropology, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14698676/2020/28/2?fbclid=IwAR0gLW4G-z-xW3m2Pl3mXwKoknIfD8vlL8QLnXskuVLzH7TQsoh5k0Yhmsk, May 2020.

  3. Chang, Jason Oliver. “Yellow Peril Teach-In Resources.” Google Docs, https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/1-DLnAY5r-f4DRLZgndR_Bu47nqHVtAOKem5QRmbz7bg/edit?fbclid=IwAR1M-XK-VLRfWXxhuDH-1zJ-o-lgnEGZCC3e74wBOBr7Mtq_B_77agc2Pbc&usp=embed_facebook, August 2020.

  4. Connell, Raewyn. “COVID-19/Sociology - Raewyn Connell, 2020.” Journal of Sociology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1440783320943262?fbclid=IwAR2d77KftXZ68efD994zZhM_42nCX1Xdgr1C4-SaZb0qavutIrv8F_n-g0k, July 2020.

  5. Curley, Andrew. “Contested Water Settlements Inflamed the Navajo Nation’s Health Crisis.” High Country News, https://www.hcn.org/articles/indigenous-affairs-water-contested-water-settlements-inflamed-the-navajo-nations-health-crisis, August 2020.

  6. D’Ignazio, Catherine, and Lauren Klein. “Seven Intersectional Feminist Principles for Equitable and Actionable COVID-19 Data - Catherine D’Ignazio, Lauren F. Klein, 2020.” Big Data & Society, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2053951720942544?fbclid=IwAR3zkyAm9Uy2K_eQ7iwH0coKD2T8NdzhwnkbBKw0C1JlTWMndB0T_LFXLXs&, July 2020.

  7. DeMott, Sarah, and Tracie Jones. Research Guides: Black America and COVID-19. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/BlackCovid/home, 2020.

  8. Glass, Eric. “Research Guides: Health Data Resources.” Columbia University Libraries, https://guides.library.columbia.edu/c.php?g=974362&p=7043855, 2020.

  9. Hebert, Pato, and Alexandra Juhasz. “You’Re Still Sick.” BOMB Magazine, https://bombmagazine.org/, July 2020.

  10. Laterza, Vito, and Louis Philippe Romer. “COVID-19, the Freedom to Die, and the Necropolitics of the Market.” Somatosphere, May 2020.

  11. Lianke, Yan. “Yan Lianke: What Happens After Coronavirus?” Literary Hub, March 2020.

  12. Lima, Lazaro. “Essential Work, Disposable Lives: Latino Invisibility, Black Lives, and Coalition Politics in the Age of Covid-19.” Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College, July 2020.

  13. Manley, Gabriela. “Introducing the Pandemic Diaries.” American Ethnological Society, https://americanethnologist.org/features/collections/pandemic-diaries/introducing-the-pandemic-diaries, March 2020.

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